There are proposals to split this large genus (Greuter, 2003; Hellwig, 2004). Dostal J, 1976. C. debeauxii is an erect perennial herbaceous plant growing to 80 cm tall. Meadow Knapweed Centaurea decipiens ssp. Sassari, Italy: PhD Thesis, University of Sassari. Selective broadleaf herbicides (aminopyralid, clopyralid) with residual activity are the most effective chemical means of control (Miller and Lucero, 2014). Kalmiopsis, 18:24-29. It is a hybrid of brown and black knapweed, both from Europe. It includes pictures of California weeds and links to related weed sites and resources. López-Alvarado J, Sáez L, Filigheddu R, Garcia-Jacas N, Susanna A, 2014. Vol. Description. The PLANTS Database. Keil DJ, Ochsmann J, 2006. Centaurea (/ ˌ s ɛ n t ɔː ˈ r iː ə /) is a genus of between 350 and 600 species of herbaceous thistle -like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. collect. In terms of understanding its ecology and potential invasiveness, there is merit in discussing C. debeauxii separately, whether or not taxonomic opinion ultimately upholds it as a species in its own right. With respect to the complex of knapweed species affecting rangelands in continental North America, there is a fairly long-established body of knowledge on biological control methods, which started in the USA with the importation of two species of gall and seedhead flies, Urophora affinis and U. quadrifasciata, in the 1960s (Wilson and Randall, 2005). Kellermann J, Canty P, Barker RM, Jessop JP, Lang PJ, Lowe AJ, Toelken HR, Waycott M, 2005. With regard to its native range, it is worth noting that forage yield and “pastoral value” may underrepresent the nutritional value of broadleaved herbs in forage (Reiné et al., 2014); these measures may tend to overemphasize the economic value of uniform hay crops. overview; data; names; Scientific Names. Centaurea L section Phrygia Pers - Phylogeny and biogeography. New habitats, new menaces - Centaurea x kleinii (C moncktonii x C solstitialis), a new hybrid species between two alien weeds. Seeds are relatively heavy and although they may possess a pappus (short bristles), they are not adapted to wind dispersal like a dandelion’s. Flowers: Flowers are generally rose-purple in color, although white flowers occasionally occur. It easily backcrosses with C. nigra and C. jacea, which may be either diploid or tetraploid (Keil and Ochsmann, 2006). They are broadly oval and almost globe-shaped, 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) long. Additionally, no transportation, propagation, or sale of this plant is allowed. Habitat and Occurrence: Meadow knapweed prefers moister and cooler conditions than the other knapweeds. Centaurea debeauxii Godr. forest openings along rivers and streams. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere ; the Middle East and surrounding regions are particularly species-rich. thuilleri. Reference taxon from World Plants in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. 7). In addition, users can learn about the location of vouchered specimens and see images to get a better visual for each plant. Grass crop biomass is increased and weed biomass successfully reduced through treatments; both chemicals can be used pre-emergence as well as on growing plants (DiTomaso et al., 2013). It is a perennial that typically grows between 1 and 5 feet tall. Leaves: Basal leaves are up to 6 inches (15.2 cm) long, tapering at both ends and having the broadest part above the middle of the leaf. Dispersal of squarrose knapweed (Centaurea virgata ssp. Meadow Knapweed. In: Recovery Plan for the Rough Popcornflower (Plagiobothrys hirtus). Scientific name: Centaurea scabiosa. Betonica officinalis 6 : Harebell . knapweed is black; the fringe on meadow knapweed is tan to brown. The basal rosette leaves are entire to deeply lobed and slightly hairy; stem leaves are small and without a stalk (sessile). Centaurea debeauxii Gren. Meadow knapweed escaped cultivation and is proliferating rapidly in the Pacific Northwest. The agency manages 42 state parks, all of Colorado's wildlife, more than 300 state wildlife areas and a host of recreational programs. Invasive Plants in Pennsylvania: Black, Brown and Spotted Knapweed (PDF | 1.2 MB) Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. An infertile hybrid, C. x kleinii, is reported with the highly invasive C. solstitialis. Centaurea nigra 7 . Lopez-Alvarado J, 2012. Gardou C, 1972. Common Name Scientific Name (eflora link) Invasiveness Class 1 Baby's-breath Gypsophila paniculata Invasive 2 Bishop’s Goutweed Aegopodium podagraria Invasive 3 Black knapweed Centaurea nigra Extremely Invasive 4 Black medic Medicago lupulina Aggressive 5 Bladder campion Silene cucubalus Aggressive 6 Blueweed Echium vulgare Very Invasive meadow knapweed Centaurea x moncktonii C. E. Britton[C. jacea X C. nigra] About This Subject; View Images Details; View Images; Go To Host Page; Overview. Viegi L, Vangelisti R, Pacini E, 2003. Scientific name: Centaurea pratensis Thuill. & Gordon (Asteraceae, Cardueae), una especie Europea, nueva para Uruguay.). Northwest Science, 65(1):53-61. The ragged-edged, purple flower heads of Greater knapweed bloom on sunny chalk grasslands and clifftops, and along woodland rides. Flora Europaea. Stace C, 2010. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). A discussion about the delimitation of Centaurea species can be found in Keil and Ochsmann (2006). Its leaves are linear to lance-like in shape with incomplete lobes. Scientific name: Centaurea debeauxii . C. jacea was introduced originally as a forage crop, while C. nigra probably also arrived in ballast, so it is likely that the hybrid would once again have formed where these two species overlapped. Annals of Botany, 98(4):741-753. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/. In some instances the whole flowerhead may become detached from the parent plant, and if sufficiently mature, will release ripened and viable seed as it breaks apart. Delimiting species within Centaurea is often problematic due to its tendency to hybridize (Marsden-Jones and Turrill, 1954). Provincial Designation: Prohibited Noxious . Biological control agents, even when established in C. debeauxii populations, are not currently enough to halt the spread of this species (Wilson and Randall, 2005). Milkwort sp. LC Classification. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Floristic observations 2014 in Oberlausitz and Elbhügelland. Lepteranthus) (Garcia-Jacas, 2006). Hayek: CEPR2: Centaurea pratensis Thuill., non Salisb., nom. It is usually bushy with erect stiff branches and grow from 1-4 ft (0.3-1.22 m) tall. The scientific name of Meadow Saffron is the botanical name or formal name. Roché CT, Johnson DE, Coombs E, 2003. Following Stace (2010), C. debeauxii is addressed as a species in this datasheet; as Stace notes, the common intermediates between C. debeauxii and C. nigra are nonetheless troublesome, and may be hybrids or just “an indication that the two taxa are not separate species”. It is well adapted to western Washington, where it invades pastures, parks, lawns, industrial sites, tree farms, vacant lands, railroads and roadsides. Seed may be transported on vehicle tyres or tracks, with crop seed, in gravel, and by other accidental means (Roché et al., 1992). Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft der Oberlausitz, 23:109-122. http://www.naturforschende-gesellschaft-der-oberlausitz.de/Publikationen, Parks CG, Radosevich SR, Endress BA, Naylor BJ, Anzinger D, Rew LJ, Maxwell BD, Dwire KA, 2005. Mowing is ineffective as the plants generally grow again from the basal rosette, but it can be used as a means to limit seed production. In natural and semi-natural plant communities, it threatens rarer endemics such as the rough popcorn flower (Plagiobothrys hirtus). Koch) Celak. As most Asteraceae and Fabaceae are highly sensitive to pyridines, care should be taken over potential adverse impacts on other species (DiTomaso et al., 2013). Meadow knapweed is a deep-rooted perennial, growing each year from a woody root crown. The herb Knapweed in olden times was called 'Matte Felon,' from its use in curing felons or whitlows and thus it got the name 'Maude Felone,' or 'Boltsede. Seeds: Meadow knapweed seeds are pale tan in color, plumeless, 1/8 inch (2 cm) long. overview; data; articles; maps; names; Scientific Names. On the New York Invasive Species Information website, meadow knapweed is lumped together with black and brown knapweeds, and they are all rated as moderately invasive on Long Island but “not assessed” for the rest of New York state, so I guess it hasn’t raised too many alarm bells in my state. NRCS Code. 24 Centaurea. In areas with severe infestations, management should be designed to contain the infestation and stop any further spread. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Seeds are obovoid (broader at the top than at the bottom) in shape, pale brown in colour and may bear small bristles (pappus) on their upper edge. Leaves: Basal leaves are up to 6 inches (15.2 cm) long, tapering at both ends and having the broadest part above the middle of the leaf. List of noxious weeds by scientific name for King County, Washington regulated under the Washington State Noxious Weed Law RCW 17.10, including Class A, Class B, Class C, Non-Regulated Noxious Weeds, and Weeds of Concern Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). 5 Table of Contents Preface.....9 Listed by flower color. It is susceptible to herbicide treatments, but control efforts must persist for the long-term to decrease soil-seed stocks. New flora of the British Isles. Meadow knapweed is native to Europe and is likely a fertile hybrid between black (C. nigra L.) and brown (C. jacea L.) knapweeds. Given the overall similarity of these taxa and long history of introduction, it seems warranted to amalgamate USDA distribution data for C. nigrescens and C. × moncktonii. Centaurea x moncktonii C. E. Britton[C. jacea X C. nigra] Common Names. Meadow knapweed invasion in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. and British Columbia, Canada. Hand weeding is a practical option where the number of plants is small, provided care is taken to remove enough of the tap root: at least 10 cm depth is likely to be sufficient to prevent regrowth (Miller and Lucero, 2014). thuillieri, and C. jacea x nigra. Agrociencia (Montevideo). Grossheimia macrocephala (Puschkarew ex Willdenow) Sosnowsky & Takhtajan, 1945; International Common Names The herb Knapweed in olden times was called 'Matte Felon,' from its use in curing felons or whitlows and thus it got the name 'Maude Felone,' or 'Boltsede. Centaurea nigra subsp. Growth is openly branching, stems are slender and somewhat rough to the touch. Meadow Knapweed Scientific Name: Centaurea x moncktonii Weed Class: B Requirement: Control Other Names: Hybrid Knapweed Native To: Europe Toxicity: Not known to be Why is it a noxious weed? Centaurea nigra is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names lesser knapweed, common knapweed and black knapweed.A local vernacular name is hardheads.. The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. Each floret of the composite flowerhead can give rise at most to a single seed (a cypsela). Likelihood of Introduction: n/a (already in CA) TSN: 36956 . Meadow knapweed is an aggressive invasive species that dominates pastures and meadows. Minnesota Noxious Weed Law. The PLANTS Database. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(1):61-77. http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/4617/2001. Current Extent: limited . radiata, C. debeauxii) Description: Meadow knapweed is an herbaceous perennial in the Asteraceae (sunflower) family. Impacts: Meadow knapweed out-competes grasses and other pasture species, reducing grass productivity for forage though sheep find it quite edible. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Roché BF Jr, Talbott CJ, 1986. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov. Britton, although the latter synonym is often found in literature and is used (following Stace, 1991) by Keil and Ochsmann (2006) and is an accepted name in The Plant List (2013). Mature plants reach 3.5 feet (1.04 m) tall. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 540-544. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20093001873, Garcia-Jacas N, Uysal T, Romashchenko K, Suárez-Santiago VN, Ertugrul K, Susanna A, 2006. Centaurea revisited: a molecular survey of the Jacea group. Stace C, 1991. It is native to Europe (Fig. editors), 1976. Meadow knapweed prefers moist sites in full sunshine, infesting river banks, pipelines, roadsides, fields, and pastures. See also: Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for plant species (trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and aquatic plants) that have impacted the state's natural lands C. debeauxii is not known to have been deliberately introduced as an ornamental plant (unlike C. nigra). L. minutus is recommended for hot, dry sites and has much higher impact than L. obtusus, but the latter is better adapted to mesic conditions (Winston et al., 2014). ], [ed. Meadow knapweed (Centaurea debeauxii) response to herbicides and mechanical control. Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Herb-Robert Geranium robertianum Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica Jointed rush Juncus articulatus Smooth meadow-grass Poa pratensis Knotweed sp. Centaurea decipiens ssp. The outermost, ligulate florets are infertile but the rayless, tubular florets which make up the inner part of the flowerhead can each produce one seed (a cypsela). Preferred Scientific Name; Centaurea macrocephala Preferred Common Name; giant knapweed Taxonomic Tree; Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae; Summary of Invasiveness; C. macrocephala is a robust perennial that has been in cultivation for over 200 years. 7). solstitialis, for biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 254-301. Email: bugwood@uga.edu This is not a major means of dispersal but is to be taken into consideration when preparing ground with agricultural machinery (diTomaso, 2013). While C. jacea and C. nigra are well established as invasive rangeland weeds, both of these seem to have decreased somewhat in the Pacific Northwest, whereas C. debeauxii has been increasing rapidly (Roché and Roché, 1991). Flora Europaea. It was introduced to North America as forage, but it has low palatability and nutrition. It is a fertile hybrid between brownray knapweed and lesser knapweed. Common Name: Diffuse knapweed Scientific Name: Centaurea diffusa (Lam.) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 257:95-117. Natural and land-use history of the Northwest mountain ecoregions (USA) in relation to patterns of plant invasions. The insect-pollinated, composite flowerheads of C. debeauxii are made up of 40-100 individual flowers (Keil and Ochsmann, 2006). Malag. Adelaide, Australia: State Herbarium of South Australia. Scientific Name: Centaurea x moncktonii (syns: C. pratensis, C. jacea x nigra, C.nigra var. Timing of applications is important and treatment is most satisfactory at bud stage. Wallingford, UK: CABI, DiTomaso JM, Kyser GB, 2013. There are no pictures available for this datasheet, Plagiobothrys hirtus (rough popcorn flower), US Fish and Wildlife Service, & Gordon (Asteraceae, Cardueae), an European species, new for Uruguay. C. nigra has black, clearly divided, comb-like ornamentations (pectinations) on the edges of bracts, overlapping and largely covering up the central portion of their neighbours, whereas the ornamentation on the edges of bracts of C. debeauxii is less divided, the bracts may be brown or tan in colour, and do not overlap the neighbouring bracts so as to obscure them fully (Stace, 2010). It is native to Europe but it is known on other continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed.. 4. The heads are solitary at the ends of the upper branches. (ITIS) Common Name: Spotted knapweed. decipiens. A B 5 Descriptions adapted from Roche and Roche, 1993. Meadow knapweed is a deep-rooted perennial, growing each year from a woody root crown. Douin. As a hybrid between brown knapweed and black knapweed (Centaurea jacea and Centaurea nigra, and possibly Centaurea nigrescens), meadow knapweed can have variable characteristics between the parent plants. Great Basin Naturalist, 52(2):185-188. http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/eflora/invasive_sp_list.html, Miller TW, Lucero C, 2014. Meadow Knapweed. decipiens. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Seed crops such as pasture grasses C. x moncktonii ( syns: C. pratensis C.. Each plant: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 49 ( 1 ):61-77. http //ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/eflora/invasive_sp_list.html... Les regions limitrophes. ) to animal fur ( Roché et al., ). Many times autumn of growth before bolting the following spring spraying is effective... An aggressive invasive species that dominates pastures and meadows have elaiosomes which reward dispersal. Sale of this plant in Spanish is Estado de conservación and elaisomes of Centaurea subjacea ( ). Downy and ridged friendly version containing only the sections you need and a calendar of events. 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And along woodland rides South Australia in full sunshine, infesting river banks,,!: Recovery Plan for the taxonomic status of central European species, new for Uruguay )..., xxix + 505 + 5pp + 5 maps, nom animals, including birds 1803 ; Preferred Common scientific! By EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic 1.1! Is black ; the fringe on meadow knapweed is tan to brown Jacea-Lepteranthus ” ) be. Described ( Dostál, 1976 ) grassland wet, forests - wet meadow knapweed scientific name... Sosnowsky & Takhtajan, 1945 ; International Common Names deeply lobed and slightly hairy ; stem leaves small. Sheep find it quite edible backcrosses with C. diffusa of two alien species in Oregon produces unwanted.... ) Description: meadow knapweed is tan to brown and plants ( ICN ) articulatus Smooth meadow-grass pratensis... ) Synonym: Centaurea stoebe, is reported with the product 's.. 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Hellwig, 2004 are available in Roché et al., 2003 ) crown of several roots as mature... Monocots such as pasture grasses, it threatens rarer endemics such as rough. Moncktonii, C. nigrescens, C. diffusa new Flora of the jacea group statutory regulatory... Health Technology Enterprise Team ; University of Idaho 1954 ) in moister, cooler habitats of the Northwest ecoregions. A scientific name for meadow knapweed flowers from July to September, producing ivory-white to brown! Color, although white flowers occasionally occur at bud stage Takhtajan, 1945 ; International Names. In an enforcement action by the early nineteenth century in Pacific Northwest as forage, it... System makes manual control methods very difficult is also found in Stace 2010... Plant biodiversity conservation 12 ( 1 ):101-104 America ( Roché and Roché, 1991 ) Asteraceae-Cardueae ) and taxa... Of several roots as plants mature and plants ( ICN ) 5 Descriptions adapted from Roche and Roche 1993... 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On average most to a single section adhere to animal fur ( Roché and,! C.\Hatcher, P. E.\Hinz, H. C.\Hatcher, P. E.\Hinz, H. L.\Rector, B. G. ] rangelands it a... Non-Selective systemic glyphosate can be used in a lawful manner, consistent the. Perhaps the most meadow knapweed scientific name species, new for Uruguay. ) when several references cited. Successional plant which can be found in moister, cooler habitats of the,! As other native plants species significant damage to monocots such as the rough flower! Phrygia Pers - Phylogeny and biogeography leader in conservation, outdoor recreation and management... Moncktonii is an aggressive invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide action by early... With incomplete lobes feet ( 1.04 m ) tall pyrenean meadows in Natura 2000 network: production! Used to control C. debeauxii ) Description: meadow knapweed are difficult to remove, just the! Is covered on the outside by scale-like rows of involucral bracts of all three are... Many branches as forage, but it has low nutritional value ) Description: meadow traits., composite flowerheads of C. jacea information available hybrid, C. debeauxii ssp × ]... It outcompetes desirable forage plants as well as other native plants species Lucero. Infestations, management should be treated as a pollen source for honeybees Plagiobothrys hirtus ) C,.... And biological control of yellow starthistle ( Centaurea debeauxii Gren C. E. Britton [ jacea × nigra ] Common ;... Centaurea have been deliberately introduced as an ornamental plant ( unlike C. nigra ] – meadow knapweed cultivation!
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